Since the third energy level is closer to the nucleus than the fourth energy level, the atomic radius of the calcium cation will indeed be smaller than that of the calcium atom. ii) The radius of calcium is smaller than potassium because both elements lie in the third period of the periodic table. #"Ca"^(2+): 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 color(red)(3)s^2 color(red)(3)p^6# Atomic radius of Aluminum (Al) 184 pm: 14: Atomic radius of Silicon (Si) 210 pm: 15: Atomic radius of Phosphorus (P) 180 pm: 16: Atomic radius of Sulfur (S) 180 pm: 17: Atomic radius of Chlorine (Cl) 175 pm 18: Atomic radius of Argon (Ar) 188 pm: 19: Atomic radius of Potassium (K) 275 pm: 20: Atomic radius of Calcium (Ca) 231 pm: 21: Atomic. That happens because once the cation is formed, the outermost electrons will be on the third energy level, #color(red)(3)#. Now, because calcium loses the electrons located furthest from the nucleus, the calcium cation will have a smaller atomic radius than the calcium atom. Calcium has a total of 20 electrons whose distribution is as follows: In the first layer it has 2 electrons, in the second it has 8 electrons, in its third layer it has 8 electrons and in the fourth one, 2 electrons. The electrons that calcium loses to form the calcium cation, #"Ca"^(2+)#, will come from the outermost energy level, #color(red)(4)#. The average radius for calcium is 180 pm, its atomic radius or Bohr radius is 194 pm, and its covalent radius is 174 pm. Now, the electrons located on the outermost energy level are the atom's valence electrons. You can compare Ca vs Ra on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. More specifically, the higher its energy level, the further away from the nucleus the electron will be. You can study the detailed comparison between Calcium vs Radium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. These electrons are distributed on specific energy levels located at various distances from the nucleus. This means that a neutral calcium atom will ahve a total of 20 electrons surrounding its nucleus. You're dealing with the calcium atom, #"Ca"#, and the calcium cation, #"Ca"^(2+)#.Ĭalcium is located in period 4, group 2 of the peridoc table and has an atomic number equal to #20#.
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